Analyse der genetischen Diversität von wildwachsenden Futterpflanzen aus der Sahelzone in Westafrika anhand von RAPD - Markern
 

Zusatz zum Titel:
Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat.) am Fachbereich Biologie der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen

Institut:
Institut für Pflanzenbau und Pflanzenzüchtung II, Biometrie und Populationsgenetik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen

Erscheinungsjahr:
1999

Abstract:
Brachiaria and Zornia belong to the most important wild forage plants in the Sahel region of West Africa. Due to their heat- and aridity resistance they are well adapted to extreme climate and able to overcome great deviations in precipitation during the rainy season.
Extensive agriculture and overstocking are destroying huge parts of the productive landscape in the Sahel (shortage of forage plants). These regions are generally not very suitable for agriculture, so the millet fields are given up after a few years. This is followed by an increase in desertification processes. Due to the great importance of these forage plants, both to the local agricultural economy and also in plant breeding, an international project for their comprehensive analysis has been established. The main target is to build an initial database for further projects, i.e. the establishment of guidelines for in situ conservation.
The work presented here is an investigation of the genetic diversity of Brachiaria and Zornia over a study area of about 2000 km2. Plant samples were collected in several years at 34 test sites and analysed using RAPD-markers.
For Brachiaria, 309 samples from 25 locations were analysed with 10 primers. A few samples were analysed morphologically (Prof. Scholz, FU Berlin) and five species of Brachiaria could be determined (B. xantholeuca, B. nidulans, B. orthostachys, B. ramosa, B. lata). Using the RAPD method the same samples could be discriminated into five groups by cluster analysis. A 100 % correspondence between morphological and molecular genetic analysis was observed, whereby a characterisation of these five species of Brachiaria was possible. The five species showed a high genetic diversity and most of the study sites could be discriminated using RAPD markers. For some locations a differentiation of the two or three collection years was observed, introducing the term "temporal genotypes".
For B. xantholeuca, the genetic similarity at test sites within a radius of 50 km enabled their combination into ecotypes. B. xantholeuca therefore exhibits a high regional homogeneity, while B. nidulans and B. orthostachys are more location specific.
80 samples from Zornio glochidiata were analysed using six primers. The genetic variability was high showing a huge inter-individual heterogeneity. For that reason a differentiation neither of test sites nor the three collecting years was possible.
More extensive molecular genetic investigation is necessary to gain a better understanding of the regional and temporal effects in wild forage plants. Of particular interest will be RAPD analyses of the forage plants Alysicarpus, Dactyloctenium and Cenchrus.

Sprache:
deutsch

Dateiformat:
Portable Document Format (PDF)

Sachgruppe der DNB:
32 Biologie

Eingabedatum:
10.08.1999

Volltext des Dokuments: (1,76 MB)

1. Einleitung	d990023a.pdf (33 KB)
2. Regionaler Überblick	d990023b.pdf (270 KB)
3. Material und Methoden - 3.1 Auswahl der Untersuchungsflächen	d990023c.pdf (324 KB)
3.2 Auswahl der Pflanzen-Stichproben - 3.3.4.6 Diskriminanzanalyse	d990023d.pdf (265 KB)
4. Ergebnisse - 4.3.1 Brachiaria xantholeuca	d990023e.pdf (190 KB)
4.3.1 Brachiaria xantholeuca - 4.3.1.8 Vergleich der Standorte H1, H2, H4 und H10, H11, H13	d990023f.pdf (463 KB)
4.3.2 RAPD-Untersuchungen bei Brachiaria nidulans - 4.4 Zornia glochidiata	d990023g.pdf (86 KB)
4.4.1 Clusteranalyse bei Zornia glochidiata - 7. Literaturverzeichnis, Abbildungsverzeichnis, Tabellenverzeichnis, Abkürzungsverzeichnis, Chemikalienverzeichnis	d990023h.pdf (128 KB)